Shoulder instability biomechanics shoulderdoc by prof. Glenohumeral joint anatomy, stabilizer, and biomechanics ft. Axial rotation of the clavicle is reported by inman and coworkers to be an essential and fundamental feature of shoulder motion, particularly arm elevation fig. Shoulder problems, glenohumeral joint, rotator cuff dysfunction. Chapter 1 clinical anatomy and biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint including stabilizers thay q. This generous amount of mobility can lead to a multitude of intrinsic ailments about the shoulder and, in fact, a majority of shoulder problems stem from this relative lack of bony stability. The predominant importance of the capsuloligamentous and muscular structures over the osteoarticular components increases the mechanical refinement of this balance. Clinical anatomy and biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint. Shoulder joint anatomy medvizz anatomy medical animations. In particular, contributions of sternoclavicular sc and ac joint motions to overall scapulothoracic st motion during arm elevation will be discussed. Introduction shoulder joint gh joint has more mobility than stability. It addresses both the mechanical behavior of single muscles and the various issues of muscle functioning during human motion.
In this section, we explain shoulder biomechanics focusing on the rotator cuff muscles, and describe the concept of rotator cuff repair in the next section. The shoulder s ability for multiple degrees of motion is based on the interaction of multiple structures that react to mechanical stimuli and adjust accordingly. There is also the addition of a double float period during which both feet are off the ground, not making contact with the support surface. Now revised and in its second edition, introduction to sports biomechanics is colour. Associate professor of education, university of north texas the shoulder joint consists primarily of the glenoid fossa of the scapula and humeral head.
Retroversion of the humeral head and the range of motion of the shoulder joint in both the frontal and the scapular plane have been studied in 100. The complex biomechanics of the shoulder can be very difficult to unravel. Sc joint is a plane synovial joint, with 3 rotatory and 3 translatory degrees of freedom. The del toid is well suited in two ways to fulfill this need. Pdf on jan 1, 20, deepak patkar and others published anatomy and biomechanics of shoulder joint find, read and cite all the research you. Oct 16, 2016 introduction the shoulder is composed of 3 synovial joints. Figure 1 illustrates this orientation for several muscles acting within the sagittal plane. At 60 of abduction, the downward short rotator force was maximal at 9.
Because of the multiple joints involved during shoulder movement, it is. Wide range of motion of the shoulder joint in many different. Athletes often incur injuries of the shoulder as they subject the joint to extreme ranges of motion and force, as well as excessive repetitions of these motions 2. Rhomboid it works eccentrically to control upward rotation of the scapula produced. The shoulder joint takes a special position among all the other joints of the human body because of its special requirements of stability and mobility. The book first addresses the mechanical behavior of single musclesfrom the sarcomere level up to the entire muscle. The biomechanics of the shoulder joint has been an active area of study for many years. Shoulder biomechanics and exercises medbridge blog. The rotator cuff muscles work not only as a motion actuator abduction or external and internal rotations but also as a shoulder stabilizer. Shoulder biomechanics lecture originally developed by bryan morrison, ph.
Functionally, the knee comprises 2 articulationsthe patellofemoral and tibiofemoral. Mar 31, 2020 the shoulder is an intricate multidimensional joint complex consisting of four separate connection points of bones responsible for the movement of the hand, arm and shoulder. To make the subject at once comprehensive and relevant to the clinician, the structure and function of the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints are dealt with first. Sc joint connects the components of shoulder joint to the axial skeleton. The shoulder complex involves 3 physiological joints and one floating joint. Morrey and an 1990 8 presented a classification of these methods, which we have elaborated and integrated as follows. The shoulder, being the most mobile joint of the human body, is highly susceptible to injury 1. This figure, based on a straightline model of muscle action, stems from the work of dostal and others. Richly illustrated and presented in concise language, biomechanics of skeletal muscles provides an explanation of whole muscle biomechanics at work in the body in motion. Pdf biomechanical basis of common shoulder problems. The shoulder joint is unique, as multiplanar mobility of the joint is dominant over static stability. Introduction to sports biomechanics introduction to sports biomechanics. Clinical mechanics and kinesiology with web resource provides a solid foundation so that students of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and athletic training can understand biomechanics and functional anatomy as they relate to both normal and abnormal movement.
There is a fine balance between the mobility to perform athletic activities and stability required to power and stabilise the arm. Written by active clinicians with more than 40 combined years of clinical and teaching experience, this text is also a practical. Biomechanics of skeletal muscles pdf human kinetics canada. Biomechanics of the shoulder and elbow orthopaedics and trauma. Relationships between the humerus and scapula are particularly apparent in successful gymnastics performance. Biomechanics and assessment of the painful shoulder. Omar soliman basic orthopedics science course 2015. Pdf balancing mobility and stability, the biomechanics of the shoulder provides. A total shoulder limitation motion, to slightly of humem i head if rotator with a prosthesis. The axis around which movement takes chapter 2 joint anatomy and basic biomechanics figure 22 a, midsagittal plane.
The biomechanics of the shoulder is how the shoulder moves, as well as the scientific study of this movement. Mar 30, 2016 the shoulder consists of two force couples. This puts greater demands on the muscles for securing the shoulder girdle. With the information found in this text, readers can prepare themselves to better understand the latest in cuttingedge research. Lennard funk the shoulder is potentially one of the most unstable joints of the body, with very little bony stability or containment and has been likened to a golf ball on a golf tee. T he joints of the shoulder com plex have to rely on adjacent ligam ents and m uscles to provide stability. Manipulation with shoulder dysfunction manual techniques for the shoulder.
On the other hand, many engineers work in fields in which biomechanics plays a significant role. This composition allows the involved muscles to work in the most. Jospt march 1987 kinesiology of the shoulder table 3 muscle actions at the shoulder complex muscle biceps brachii long head may abduct the humerus if the humerus is externally rotated. Bhanu prakash usmle, fmge and neet pg 83,901 views. Only sc joint connects the components of shoulder joint to the axial skeleton. Analysing human movement patterns provides a genuinely accessible and comprehensive guide to all of the biomechanics topics covered. This method of performing biomechanical analyses has been used in many other sports for years and can be a tremendous training tool, especially for elite athletes for whom a 1 percent improvement could mean the difference. In mechanics, a couple is a system of forces that results in a moment without a resultant force and creates a. There is a need for greater balance because the double support period present in walking is not present when running. Review anatomy of shoulder complex and its function. Summary mans girdle s the general of his treeswinging ancestors, with of the posture, thorax has from anteriorposterior.
Biomechanical relationships within the shoulder joint by william cornelius, ph. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Box 850, hershey, pa 170330850, usa a sound understanding of elbow anatomy and. Bio mechanics of the shoulder shoulder anatomical terms. Stability of the joint is governed by a combination of static ligaments, dynamic muscular forces, meniscocapsular aponeurosis, bony topography, and joint load.
The muscles surrounding the joint undergo reflex spasm in response to pain originating in the joint, which in turn serves to immobilize the joint and thus reduce the pain. Shoulder girdle permits largest rom of any complex in the body shoulder girdle increases rom with less compromise of stability scapulohumeral rhythm 4 joints vs. For the glenohumeral joint to be stable and functional within its range, the muscles must generate suf ficient force throughout the entire range. Biomechanical relationships within the shoulder joint. Human factors engineer ing, ergonomics, biomechanics research, and prosthetic research and development all require that the engineers work ing in the field have a strong knowledge of biomechanics.
Sternoclavicular joint movement of the clavicle at the sc joint inevitably produces movement of the scapula under conditions of normal function, because the scapula is attached to the lateral end of the clavicle. Clinical mechanics and kinesiology pdf with web resource. Bio mechanics of the shoulder free download as powerpoint presentation. Analysing human movement patterns provides a genuinely accessible and comprehensive guide to all of the biomechanics topics covered in an undergraduate sports and exercise science degree. Biomechanics of the shoulder joint jama surgery jama network. To effectively rehabilitate a shoulder injury in clinical practice, it is important to have a functional knowledge of the underlying biomechanics of the shoulder complex. Armstrong, bscpt, md, msc, frcsc department of orthopaedics and rehabilitation, penn state college of medicine, penn state milton s. Hershey medical center, h089, 500 university drive, p. O n the other hand, the shoulder com plex is com posed of the scapulothoracic articulation and the glenohum eral joint to. Knowledge of the biomechanics of the shoulder joint forms the basis for the development of modern concepts of reconstructive surgery and arthroplasty. The aim of this research is to validate the model built and identify the forces on specified. Jan 04, 2017 shoulder joint anatomy medvizz anatomy medical animations. Because of its component parts, a description of the biomechanics of the shoulder complex is rather involved. Glenohumeral joint anatomy, stabilizer, and biomechanics.
Injury to the shoulder joint is followed by pain, limitation of movement, and. The purpose of this work is to develop an experimental physical model of the shoulder joint complex. Biomechanics of the shoulder during sports request pdf. If the clavicle is not allowed to rotate, elevation of only about 110 degrees is said to be possible. Biomechanics of skeletal muscles offers a thorough explanation of whole muscle biomechanics, bridging the gap between foundational biomechanics texts and scientific literature. The glenohumeral joint provides the largest range of motion among all diarthrodial joints but also has the greatest propensity for instability.